Isoflavone concentrates as well as methods for their production

ABSTRACT

Isoflavone concentrates are described, which contain at least about ten to about twenty weight parts of polysorbate to one weight part of isoflavone containing a genistein, and/or daidcein, and/or glycitein. Further, a method for the production of an isoflavone concentrate is described.

[0001] The invention relates to isoflavone concentrates, as well as to a method for their production.

[0002] Hormones are chemical compounds that are synthesized in special organs or cells, and are then transported to a different location in order to coordinate growth, development, and physiological-metabolical performances at a very low concentration.

[0003] Plants contain compounds that have no hormonal character for the same, which produce hormone-similar effects in the mammal, however. The one known best are the so-called isoflavones from legumes. For instance, soy contains genistein, isogenistein, and formononetine. These agents have estrogen effects, and therefore have a very positive influence on post-menopausal symptoms, such as problems with blood circulation, type II diabetes, and osteoporosis, fortunately without any side effects. In this way, they indirectly influence the mortality rate. General ageing phenomena, such as of the skin, are also part of this circle of protective qualities. For decades the average isoflavone absorption in Asia has been between 20 and 100 mg/day; it is much less than that in Western countries.

[0004] Isoflavones of the type genistein are contained in soy, and in many other plants. Nutrition based on soy, which is common mainly in Asia, is attributed to the fact that much less carcinomas (breast, prostate, skin) occur there, and that post-menopausal symptoms in women occur rarely. Isoflavones are so-called phytoestrogens, and bind to the estradiol receptor. With animal tests and skin models, it was found that these isoflavones increase the intracellular, enzymatic, antioxydative potential. This is in part due to its effect.

[0005] The invention is therefore based on the task of increasing the bio-availability and resorption of the mentioned agents on one hand, and of easing the incorporation of these agents into the end products in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries on the other hand.

[0006] For this purpose, the invention provides an isoflavone concentrate that contains a polysorbate, as well as one or more of the agents genistein, daidcein, glycitein, and/or their glycosides. The concentrate according to the invention is soluble in water as a clear solution. When this solution is administered, the isoflavones of the type genistein are slightly resorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. It is therefore possible to add a dosage of the concentrate according to the invention to alcohol-free beverage with the result that the general isoflavone absorption of the organism is quasi casually and simultaneously increased with the consumption of beverages. Isoflavones of the type genisetin in the form of a water soluble concentrate can be used in the classical food industry, and advantageously in the cosmetics or skin care industries. The water solubility ensures a substantially higher absorption of the isoflavones through the skin.

[0007] Agents of a purely vegetable origin are preferred. It is recommended for an agent concentrate containing isoflavone, to generally use a powder processed soybean extract, which contains 400 g of a mixture of genistin, daidcin, and glycitin, as well as their aglycons per kilogram. Advantageously, the quantity ratio of genistin, daidcin, and glycitin would then be about 1.3:1.0:0.3.

[0008] Preferably, polysorbate 80 is used for the production of the concentrate according to the invention. For the use according to the purpose of the invention, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, and polysorbate 65 are also suitable, which are obtained from sorbitol as the partial ester of lauric, palmitic, or stearic acid.

[0009] In addition to non-alcoholic beverages, the object of the invention therefore also includes liqueurs, various foods, and also skin care products, cosmetics, and such products that contain an isoflavone concentrate of polysorbate, and one or more of the agents genistein, daidcein, glycitein, and/or their glycosides. Purposefully, a beverage, for instance, contains approximately 0.5 g to approximately 3 g of isoflavone concentrate per liter. This water-free concentrate can be packaged undiluted into gelatin and/or gelatin-free capsules as antioxidants, or dietary supplements.

[0010] For the production of a water-soluble concentrate containing isoflavones, for instance, 100 g of soybean extract powder is used as the base product, which is distributed by Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, USA under the brand name NOVASOY. This soybean extract contains at least 40 wt-% of genistin, daidcin, and glycitin, and their aglycons at a quantity ratio of 1.3:1.0:0.3. 100 g of the said extract therefore contain 20.0 g of genistin, 15.4 g of daidcin, and 4.6 g of glycitin, a total of 40.0 g of isoflavones.

[0011] For example, the said powdered soy extract with the brand name NOVASOY, distributed by Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Decatur, Ill., USA, serves for the production of a .water-free isoflavone concentrate containing isoflavones, which mainly contains the glycosides of genistein, daidcein, and glycitein.

EXAMPLE 1

[0012] Approximately 166 g of this soy extract powder is trickled into approximately 834 g of polysorbate that has been heated to approximately 750° Celsius, and the mixture (1.0 kg) is consistently stirred for about half an hour at this temperature. A deep brown, clear concentrate without sediment is the result. If about 1-2 ml of this concentrate is added to ten times the amount of distilled water, a clear solution is obtained after completion of the mixing process.

[0013] 1.0 kg of this concentrate contains approximately 66 g of isoflavone. By adding 1.5 g of the concentrate to 1.0 liters of a finished beverage, this beverage then contains about 100 mg of the said isoflavone so that one liter of a finished beverage processed in this way sufficiently covers the daily requirement of isoflavone.

[0014] Instead of NOVASOY, soy extracts of other sources can also be used, which are distinguished by their substantial lack of sugar. For instance, K.-W. Pfannenschmidt GmbH, Hamburg, supplies a soybean extract that has a total isoflavone content of at least 40%. This approximately 40% is comprised of 7.58% of genistin, 25.43% of genistein, 5.48% of daidcin, and 1.67% of daidcein. Approximately the same results are achieved, if this soybean extract is processes as described in connection with NOVASOY.

[0015] The preceding describes the production of a water-free agent concentrate. However, it is also possible to achieve a watery agent concentrate according to the following examples:

[0016] The extraction of the watery isoflavone concentrate according to the invention provides that the named compounds are trickled into water that has been heated to approximately 60° C., and the mixture is stirred at the said temperature during a predetermined time period of about ten minutes. Polysorbate is then added to the mixture, and the temperature is increased to about 100° C. The stirring process is continued at this temperature until the mixture has turned clear and transparent. Alternatively, polysorbate can first be added to the compounds, and then the water can be added.

EXAMPLE 2

[0017] For example 100 g of the mentioned soybean extract NOVASOY is evenly stirred into 400 g of distilled water that has previously been heated to approximately 60° C. the mixture (total quantity 500 g) is consistently stirred using a magnetic stirrer while maintaining the temperature of about 60° C. for about ten minutes. While continuing the stirring process, 500 g of polysorbate 80 is added, and the temperature is increased to approximately 100° C.

[0018] The stirring process is continued at this temperature until the mixture (total quantity 1 kg) has turned clear and transparent. This clear mixture contains the incorporated 40 g of isoflavone.

[0019] If a water-soluble isoflavone concentrate is desired to contain less water specifically to the end product, the water quantity to be added according to the following example 3 can be compensated, or reduced partially by adding triglycerides, or a light vegetable oil (such as safflower oil). The weight ratio of NOVASOY to polysorbate 80 should be selected at about 1:6 in this case, while it is about 1:5 in the previous examples.

EXAMPLE 3

[0020] 100 g of the mentioned soybean extract NOVASOY is evenly stirred into 230 g of distilled water that has been heated to about 60° C. The mixture (total quantity 330 g) is consistently stirred with a magnetic stirrer while maintaining the temperature at about 60° C. for approximately five minutes. While the stirring process is continued, and the temperature is maintained, about 70 g of vegetable oil (safflower oil) is added, and stirred for approximately five minutes. Subsequently, 600 g of polysorbate 80 is added to the mixture (400 g), and the temperature is increased to approximately 100° C. The stirring process is continued at this temperature until the mixture (total quantity 1 kg) has turned transparent, or results in a clear, brownish solution dissolved in water. This clear mixture contains the incorporated 40 g of isoflavone.

[0021] 2.5 g of this clear, stable watery concentrate contain 100 mg of isoflavone. This quantity, for instance, can be incorporated into one liter of a finished beverage, which thereby covers twice the daily requirement of an amount of 50 g of isoflavone.

[0022] Instead of safflower oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, soy oil, or olive oil can also be used. All of these oils distinguish themselves by a high content of triglycerides, such as α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, or oleic acid. For example, safflower oil contains up to 83% of linoleic acid, and up to 24% of oleic acid; linseed oil contains up to 71% of linolenic acid, up to 31% of linoleic acid, and up to 23% of oleic acid. Therefore, one or more triglyceride-rich oils, preferably of vegetable origin, may be used instead of safflower oil.

[0023] In order to accelerate and optimize the mixing process and the solubility, it is recommended to heat the isoflavone concentrates according to examples 1 to 3 to approximately 70° C. before the mixing process, and the water, in which the concentrate is to be dissolved, to approximately 40° C., also before the mixing process.

[0024] The stability of the concentrate according to the invention in its clarity and water solubility is given also if gastric acid is added to the concentrate according to the invention, or to a preparation produced from it (i.e. a beverage). This is true also if the concentrate is heated, for instance, to about 100° C. The concentrate also distinguishes itself by an excellent stability.

[0025] Micells are present in the isoflavone concentrates according to the invention, the interiors of which contain isoflavones, which are surrounded by polysorbate molecules. The median radius of the micells is below 20 nm. As a verification, the 4% isoflavone concentrate resulting in example 2 is diluted in water at a ratio of 1:200, and the 0.02% isoflavone concentrate dilution achieved in this way is submitted to the field/flow fractionation with downstreamed DAWN-EOS detector according to Wyatt technology. The result is reflected in the attached diagram, according to which curve 1 states an R.M.S. radius of the sample of about 16 nm. Curve 2 is a reference curve. 

1. Method for the production of an isoflavone concentrate, which contains genistein, daidcein, glycitein, and/or their glycosides, characterized in that an extract containing isoflavone, preferably of vegetable origin, is added to polysorbate that has been heated to about 60° C. up to about 100° C., and the warm mixture is evenly stirred until it has turned into a clear, sediment-free and water soluble concentrate.
 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the isoflavone extract is initially stirred into heated water, to which polysorbate is added that has been heated to about 100° C.
 3. Method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that polysorbate 80 is used.
 4. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that about one weight part of the vegetable isoflavone extract is added to about 5 to about 6 weight parts of polysorbate.
 5. Method according to one of the previous claims for the production of a concentrate containing genistein, and/or daidcein, and/or glycitein, characterized in that about one weight part of isoflavone, or about 2.5 weight parts of soybean extract are stirred into approximately 60° C. warm water, and stirring is continued for a predetermined amount of time of, for instance, ten minutes, the temperature of the mixture is subsequently increased to 100° C., and about 12.5 weight parts of polysorbate 80 are stirred in.
 6. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that water, which has been warmed, is initially added to an isoflavone extract containing a genistein, and/or daidcein, and/or glycitein, and polysorbate is subsequently added to this composition.
 7. Method according to claim 6, in which a light triglyceride-rich oil, such as safflower oil, and/or sunflower oil, and/or linseed oil, and/or soy oil, and/or olive oil, preferably of a vegetable origin, is added to the composition.
 8. Method according to claim 7, in which up to about 70 weight parts of safflower oil are added.
 9. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that genistein, daidcein, glycitein, and their glycosides are present in the isoflavone extract at a ratio of about 1.3:1.0:0.3.
 10. Method according to one of the previous claims, in which the concentrate is placed into capsules.
 11. Use of the concentrate produced in accordance with one of the previous claims, as a cosmetic product, and/or as a dietary supplement, and/or as a skin care product.
 12. Isoflavone concentrate, mainly produced in accordance with one of the previous claims, which contains at least about ten to about twenty weight parts of polysorbate to one weight part of isoflavone containing a genistin, and/or daidcin, and/or glycitein.
 13. Concentrate according to claim 12, which contains about 40 to about 70 weight parts of isoflavone, and about 500 to about 850 weight parts of polysorbate to about 1000 weight parts.
 14. Concentrate according to claim 12, which contains up to about 400 weight parts of water to 100 weight parts.
 15. Concentrate according to claims 12 or 13, which contains up to about 70 weight parts of a light vegetable oil, such as safflower oil, to 1000 weight parts.
 16. Concentrate according to one of the claims 12 to 14, which contains polysorbate
 80. 